Khrihfami pacan hna chan in Medieval (Middles Age) chan tiang philosophy le theology cu then awk tha loin an i tlai. Medieval chan ah cun theology naak in philosophy kha biapi deuh ah chiah le hman a vun si cang. Asinain kum zabu hleiruk in cun Khrihfabu tuanbia tiluan a vun i thleng i, “Biaknak Sersiamnak (Reformation) a vun um in, philosophy cu a dir cang”[1] tiah Colin Brown nih cun a ti. Sianginn le University hna ah cun cawn an si ko nain Khrihfabu ah khan cun hmunsang bik ah chiah a si ti lo. ‘Ceasar ta cu Ceasar kha pe u law, Pathian ta cu Pathian kha pe ko u’ timi a vun si than. Kum zabu hleiruk hi Khrihfabu tuanbia tiluan a thentu ah a hung cang – Protestant le Roman Catholic. Khrihfami pennak ah zumhning le zulhning hna kha sersiamnak a vun um i, lam thar a chuah kaa te a si. A biapi bikmi cu Khrihfami zumhnak le nunnak ah hin Pathian bia lawnglawng zulh maw a bia pi deuh Khrihfabu (Pope) phunglam zong dah kan zulh chih lai ti a vun si.
Minung dangdang zong tampi an um ko hna nain minung pahnih kan vun thlir hna lai i, anmah pahnih nih hin theology an cawisan thanmi hmuh a si lai. Cuticun theology a bia pitnak cu kum zabu hleikua tiang a cam lai. Hitihin kan chim tikah Khrihfabu karhlan a tluang cang tinak si loin biapi ah Bible an chiahnak kha a lang. Hi chan hi Biaknak Sersiamnak chan zong a si i, Bible nih a hmun thing a lak thannak chan zong an si.
Martin Luther le Philosophy: A hlei in Aristotle le Thomas Aquinas hi Luther nih cun a huat ngai hna. Luther nih Aristotle philosophy cu “khuachia hlawhhlang nu”[2] tiah a auh. Aristotle philosophy kha Aquinas le a dangdang hna nih Khrihfabu ah an luh pi tuk tikah Khrihfabu zumhnak tiang in influence a tuah. Pope cu a palh kho lo ti bantuk, Pope lawng nih Bible hrilhfiahnak a tuah khawh ti bantuk hna hi Bible nih a cawnpiakmi a si lo. Khawika in dah hi bantuk ruahnak hi a rat? Minung ruahnak in sermi a si. Cuticun Pathian bia naak in Khrihfabu kha nawl a ngei deuh tiah ruah a si. Luther nih hitihin a chim: “Phungki (Monastery chungtel) ka si lio ah khan Bible hi zeihmanh ah an rel lo. Sam hi ahohmanh nih an thei lo. Paul nih Rom cakuat a tialmi zongah amah chan lio dirhmun hoih in a tialmi a si i, kan chan he cun ai tlak ti lo. Khrihfabu ah buainak a chuah pi tuk. Cucaah Scotus, Thomas Aquinas le Aristotle hna hi kan rel deuh ding hna an si”[3] tiah a kan cawnpiak a ti.
‘Khrihfabu ah buainak a chuah pi tuk’ an tinak ruang cu Rom cakuat hi zumhnak in thiamcoter kan si ti kan i fiannak cauk a si caah a si. Asinain mipi nih an lungfian ahcun Khrihfabu nawlngeihnak kha a zorter lai ti an theih tikah mipi sinah Bible phakter an duh lonak a si. ‘Bible is so complex for the common man” an ti menmen. Khamhnak kha zumhnak cungah a um ti thei loin Khrihfabu cungah a um tiah ruah a rak si. Cuticun ‘Khrihfabu phunglam, sacrament phunglam, sualngaithiamnak phunglam, etc hna kha Bible naak in nawlngei deuh ah chiah a rak si.
Scholastic philosophy nih hin theology a rak hrawh khun. A tawi-fiannak in kan chim ahcun hi chan nih fak piin aa zuammi cu Khrihfabu zumhnak kha minung khuaruahnak he zeitin dah aa ruang tein kan chiah khawh lai ti kha a si. Scholasticism hi Aristotle in a hramtlami a si i, Medieval chan ah hin biatak tein cawnmi le zulhmi an si. Thomas Aquinas hi minthang cem an si. Cuticun Khrihfami zumhnak vialte hna kha philosophical hoih lawng tein fianternak (rationalized) an tuah dih hna tikah Khrihfabu fak piin a tlaunak kha a rak si. Luther cun “Khrihfabu phunglam, sacrament phunglam, sualngaihchihnak phunglam le scholasticism cawnnak hi Pathian a kan neihtertu si loin Pathian a kan hlattertu le Pathian nih a kan huatnak lamtu an si”[4] tiah a rak ti.
Luther nih cun philosophy le theology kha ‘theology of the cross” le theology of glory” tiin dannternak a tuah. ‘Theology of the glory’ sullam cu minung khuaruahnak biapi tuk an chiahmi kha a si. Minung khuaruah khawhnak menmen in Pathian theih timh cu a pakpalawng a si. Hi bantuk minung khuaruah khawhnak aa bochanmi philosopher nih cun ‘evil’ kha ‘good’ tiah an auh i, ‘good’ kha ‘evil’[5] an auh a ti.
A hmaanmi theology kan timi taktak cu ‘theology of the cross’ hi a si. Minung nih Pathian kan theih khawhnak taktak cu a fapa Jesuh Khrih a kan pek i, vailam cungah a thihnak hi minung nih Pathian kan tonnak a si. Hihi Bible nih a rak chim chungmi a si i, atu ah a tlingmi a si. Cucaah Bible loin minung khuaruah khawhnak menmen in Pathian kan ton lai ti cu a tihnung tukmi a si a ti. Paul zong nih Jesuh “Khrih vailam tahnak Thawngtha cu a tlau cuahmahmi hna caah cun hruhnak men a si ko” a timi kha a si. Minung khuaruah khawhnak in Jesuh Khrih vailam a thihnak cu an tuak tikah sullam ngei lo khi a lo. Zumh awk ah an ruat lo i, nihsawh ding menmen thil bantuk khi a lo, asinain a tlau cuahmahmi hna caah hruhnak men kha a rak si a tinak kha a si.
John Calvin Le Philosophy: Biaknak Sersiamnak chan ah ‘philosophy a dir’ kan ti tikah a um ti lo tinak a si lo. Biaknak Sersiamtu hna catial le riantuannak nih chan tiluan fak piin a vun hninh i, a thlen tikah theology kha sang pi ah cawi than a vun si. Khrihfabu ah hmun a ngei ti lomi Pathian bia kha a bawi thutden cungah vun thutter than a si. Cu hlan cu theology kha a bawi thutden in thumh i, philosophy kha thutter a si. Asinain Biaknak Sersiamnak a vun chuah tikah philosophy cu an tumter ve i, theology kha an thutter than. Calvin nih cun “Bible hi Pathian bia a si i, Pathian kong kan ruahmi vialte hi Bible ah hram a thlami an si awk a si. Pathian kan upat tluk tein Bible zong kan upat ve ding a si zeicatiah Pathian sin lawnglawng in Bible hi kan hmuhmi a si”[6] a ti. Cuticun kum zabu hleiruk in cun ‘Bible lawnglawng’ timi hi fak piin au pi an vun si than. Biaknak Sersiamnak nih Europe ram vialte a hnin dih i, fak tuk a thlen.
Asinain hi hna pahnih hi philosophy nih influence a tuahmi an si maw timi biahalnak um seh law? A si lo ti khawh a si lo. Luther zong a hlan ah cun Aristotle ah thuk piin a rak i ciahmi a si i, zumhnak aa fian khawh tlawmpal tiangah zongah philosophy nih infleunce a tuahmi hmuh khawh a si. Tahchunnak ah, allegorical nilaan hmang in Bible hrilhfiahnak a tuahmi tampi hmuh khawh a si. “Sianginn a kainak hi allegorical nilaan a zulmi sianginn a si i, hlan lio philosophy in an rak thokmi sianginn a si”[7] tiah cheukhat nih cun an ti. ‘Allegorical” sullam cu Moses nih a thiangthunh in a tukmi lung pi kha Jesuh Khrih a hmuhsak duhnak a si tiah sullam sawhter khi a si.
John Calvin ah hin philosophy tampi hmuh khawh than a si. Bible hi hmun sang bik ah a chiah nain a catialmi rel tikah philosophy nih influence a tuah taktak timi hngalh khawh a si ve. Thianghlim tein Bible theology ka tial tiah aa ruah men lai nain a catialmi hna hi philosophy nih a ciah tuk hna. Tahchunnak ah, minung lungthin chung kip ah Pathian hngalhnak (a sense of deity) a um cio ti bantuk hna hi tampi a chim. A ngaingai ti ah cun Bible nih a chim hna lo. Khawika in dah hi ruahnak hi a lak hna kan ti ahcun philosophy in a rami ruahnak an si. A chimmi cu “zeitluk in a hrutmi minung le ram hmanh nih Pathian a um lo a timi an um lai lo tiah minthang a simi zumlotu hmanh nih an ti”[8] tiah a ti. A chim duhmi cu philosopher Cicero kha a si. Asinain Augustine bantukin, philosophy ah biatak a hmuhmi hna paoh cu a lak hna i, ningcang tein Bible he a kemh chih lengmang ve hna. “A herhnak zawn ah cun Aristoltle ruahnak zong a lak i, a herhnak ah cun Plato, Cicero, le Epicurus ruahnak zong a hman hna. Philosophy a rel tuk tikah a herhning paoh le a duhning hoih poah in ca a tial kho”[9] tiah Colin Brawn nih cun a ti.
Martin Luther a siah John Calvin a siah philosophy ah thuk piin hram a rak thlami an si timi cu fiang tein an catialnak ah a lang. Cahmai bite in kan langhtermi nih hin an sining taktak a langhter thlu kho naisai lai lo, asinain philosophy ah thuk piin hram an thlami an sinak in Pathian bia cawisan loin Bible cu Pathian bia kek te a si ti an i fianmi nih Pathian bia a sining tein kan zulh awk le kan nun pi awk a si timi lungput in an rak au pimi nih hin theology le philosophy hmun a vun thlen than. Pathian bia a tlau cuahmah lio ah Pathian nih a bia vun chuahter than ding in a thim hna bantukin Biaknak Sersiamnak ah zeidang vialte hnulei mer taktak in “Bible Lawnglawng” (Sola Scriptura) tiah hmai ah an rak chuahmi nih hin caan zeimawzat cung cu philosophy hi a dirter taktak ko. Kum zabu hleikua tiang theology a lal. Kum zabu hleikua in Biblical criticism le philosophy phunphun he in aa pai than rih lai. Bible dohtu thlichia a ra than lai timi thei chung seh law cu bang, hi chungah hin thuk pin zumhnak le nunnak ah hram a rak tla manh.
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References:
[1] Colin Brown, Christianity & Western Thought: A History of Philosophers, Ideas & Movement, vol. 1, p. 151.
[2] Luther’s works, p. 371-80.
[3] Gerrish, Grace and Reason, p. 36.
[4] Colin Brown, Christianity & Western Thought: A History of Philosophers, Ideas & Movement, vol. 1, p.146.
[5] Roger E. Olson, The Story of Christian Theology: Twenty Centuries of Tradition & Reform, p. 381.
[6] John Calvin, Commentaries on the Epistles to Timothy, Titus, And Philemon, tran. Willaim Pringgle, p. 249.
[7] Colin Brown, p. 151
[8] John Calvin, Institutes of Christian Religions, p. 1.3.1.
[9] Colin Brown, p. 154.