Chan thar scholar nih cun Schleiermacher hi chan thar theology pacan tiah an auh. Khrihfabu siangpahrang (Prince of the Church) ti zong in an auh i, John Calvin hnu in cun theologian minthang bik a si lai tiah a ruatmi zong an um. Physics ah Newton a si i, psychology ah cun Freud a si, biology ah Darwin a si i, theology ah cun Schleiermacher a si lai an ti. Schleiermacher hi theology sertu le theology ah minthang cem a si kan tinak si loin chan tiluan a thlengtu le a remhtu a sinak tu kha an chim duhmi a si. Schleiermacher hi zeiruang ah dah hi bantukin minthatnak hi an pek i, sangpi ah an cawimawi ti ahcun theology tiluan thar a chuah pimi ruangah a si.
Chan thar i, science fimnak le minung khuaruah khawhnak nih Khrihfami zumhnak fak piin a hrawh pinah Khrihfami zumhnak le chan thar tiluan hi zeitin dah hmun khat ah kan luanter ti khawh hna lai timi hi a rak buai ngai. Zeicatiah chan thar science fimnak le minung khuaruah khawhnak he aa kalhmi Khrihfami zumhnak hram a simi hna cu an hlawt chin lengmang hna. Cuticun Khrihfami zumhnak hna cu minung nunnak ah hmun ngei lo bantukin chiah an si. Hi bantukin Khrihfami zumhnak nih harnak nganpi a ton lio ah Schleiermacher nih ‘feeling-based-theology’ timi a vun chuah pi. Kant nih cun ‘biaknak hmaan taktak timi cu minung khuaruahnak kha nuncan ziaza dawh in nun pi’ hi a si a ti i, Hegel nih cun ‘minung khuaruahnak in a tuak khawhmi thil hmaan paoh hi biaknak hmaan cu a si ko an ti lio ah, Schleiermacher nih cun ‘feeling’ hi a biapi bikmi a si. Lungthin tuartehning (feeling) in Pathian bochan hi biaknak hmaan cu a si ko tiah a dir pi ve. Bible cawnpiaknak aa tlaihmi Khrihfami zumhnak cu biaknak hmaan ah an chia ti lo.
“Chan thar science fimnak le minung khuaruah khawhnak i, a thil ti khawhnak nih Khrihfami zumhnak ah harnak a pekning hna hi, cu hlan Khrihfami pacan le khuaruat kho nih an ton balmi a si. Chan thar tiluan he aa tlakning hoih in Khrihfami zumhnak hi, cu hlan minung zong nih an sersiam bal lo”[1] tiah an ti. Schleiermacher a biapitnak cem cu chan thar tiluan nih a herhning le a duhning hoih tein theology a ser khawhmi hi a si. Schleiermacher nih a chuah pimi lungthin tuartehnak (feeling) timi nih kum zahnih leng chan tiluan influence a tuah. Theology a sermi le a chuah pimi hi liberal theology aa thoknak zong a si i, ‘Liberal theology pa bik’ tiah nihin tiang auh thainak zong a si.
Konglam Le Rian Tlaihmi Hna
Schleiermacher hi lungthin tuartehnak (feeling) pei a biapi ko cu a ti i, chan tiluan tha lo chungin theology thawtnamnak a vun chuah pi thantu lawng si loin amah chan ah phungchim thiam bikmi hna lakah aa telmi a si. Kum zabu hleikua hnarcheu hlan hrawngah hin biaknak lei a siah zatlang nun lei a siah German nih a ngeih chun pakhat hruaitu tha zong a si. Berlin University hi an dirhmi a si i, Plato catialmi hna pawk a leh hna i, biatak tein cawn hram an thok. Vawlei leiin a siah biaknak leiin a siah inntung bantukin an i hngatmi pa a si ve.
Pa-fa Zumh Tlaihtleng Aa Dang: Schleiermacher cu Nov. 21, 1768, Prussia i, Breslau ah a chuak. A pa hi Reformed Church ah Pastor a tuanmi a si i, Prussian ralkap sin zong ah Pathian rian a tuanmi a si. Pathian a duh ngaimi chungkhar an si i, a pa zong Pathian aa bochan ngai a si. A kum a upat deuh in Pathian riantuan awk ah tiah Pathian bia cawnnak ah Bible sianginn ah an kaiter. Asinain sianginn a kainak ah Khrihfami zumhnak zeimaw pawl hna cu a lunghrinh hna i, a pa sin zong ah a chim. Tahchunnak ah, minung sualnak ai ah Jesuh Khrih nih a nunnak a kan pekpiak timi hna hi a hmaan taktak hnga maw tiah lunghrinhnak a ngei. A pa sinah catial a tial i, a lunghrinhnak le thil sining vialte fiang tein fianternak a tuah. A pa nih a fapa cakuat le a lungthin dirhmun a hmuh tikah a lungfak tuk hringhran. Zumh awktlak le nunnak pek ngam tiang in a rian a tuanpiakmi Pathian cu a fapa nih phundang in lunghrinhnak a ngeih tikah a pa nih a celh lo. A lung rawk tuk.
A pa zongnih fak ngai in a fapa sin ah cakuat a tial i, a fapa sinak tiang hmanh in hlawt a rak timh. An karlak theihthiam lonak caan sau nawn a rak um. Asinain a hnu ah pa-fa karlak ah remnak a um ko nain Schleiermacher cu a pa zumhnak ah a kir kho taktak ti lo. Halle University a kai hnu chinchin cun Khrihfami zumhnak hram pi a si hna he cun aa hlat chin lengmang cang. Chan thar philosophy an siah Immanuel Kant a siah thuk tuk in influence an tuah cang.
Lam Dang A Zul Cang: Sianginn kai aa lim in Reformed Church ah Pastor rian an khanh. Khrihfabu dangdang zong ah rian a tuan hna. Hi caan lio hrawng hi Romanticism thlihran a thawn tuk lio a si. A sullam cu minung seihkuzin le lungthin tuartehnak (feeling) ti bantuk hi art le literature in an cawimawi siling lio pi a si. Chan thar khuacuanhning le an lungthin tuartehning (feeling) an langhternak philosophy pakhat a si ve. A hlei in chan thar nih a chuah pimi minung khuaruah khawhnak i, a thil ti khawhnak cung i a lungtlin lonak kha a si. Chan thar kong hi tling deuh in kan langhter lo tikah lungsia cu a rem deuh hrim lo. Zeicatiah B.C chan lio i, market hmun kip ah Epicureanism, Stoicism, Cynicism, etc chuah pitu hna Greek philosopher an i pumh thup i “ideas against ideas” debate an rak ngeih bantikin chan thar ah hin ‘ideas against ideas” a tam ngai. B.C chan lio i, Greek philosophy zawmcawhnak hmanthlak an vun langhter ngai.
Romanticism zong hi minung khuaruahnak le science fimnak bochan in biatak theih aa timmi hna ralchanh in a thomi an si. Minung khuaruah khawhnak in Pathian theih timh cu lungthin (heart) ngei loin zatlang nun ser timh bantuk a si an ti i, lungthin tuartehnak (feeling) hi a biapi bik ko tiah an vun chuah pi. Feeling, seihkuzin, le chunglei in theihhngalh khawhnak ngeih (intuition) te hna hi Pathian theih khawhnak caah a bia cem an si i, biaknak hmaan zong a si an ti. Chunglei in theihhngalh khawhnak ngeih (intuition) kan ti tikah fian a har deuh sual ahcun tahchunnak ah, rul hi intuition a ngeimi a si i, a pawngkam ah thil pakhat khat a can tikah theihhngalh khawhnak a ngei coh khomi a si. Cu bantuk cu minung nih kan ngeihmi a si ve. ‘Chunglei in theih hngalh khawhnak ngeih’ ti a sullam cu a si. Cun music te hna, poem te hna zong hi lungthin a langhtertu an si an ti i, an cawimawi ngai. Schleiermacher chan ah minthang bik a simi cu poet Wolgang von Goethe a si.
Schleiermacher zong Romanticis hawi tampi a ngei. An nunning dirhmun a zoh lengmang hna tikah a tlaihchan ngai hna. Asinain Khrihfami biaknak nih an lung a ton lem lomi hna an si. A hlei in Immanuel Kant tutelage nih fak influence a tuah khun hna. Khrihfami zumhnak le biaknak nih kan pumpak freedom a donh tuk i, minung kan sinak covo tling kan hmang ko lo tiah an i ruah (Theology Le Philosophy: Ruahnak Hliphlauternak Part – III ah rel chih ding). Schleiermacher nih ‘Biaknak Kong” timi a tial. A tinhmi cu lungawtawm in a um cangmi chan minung hna kha biaknak hmaan taktak timi hi zeidah a si timi fianter a duh hna. A chimmi cu ‘a hmaan taktakmi biaknak cu minung kip nih an lungthin tuartehnak in Pathian an i bochan hi a si i, Khrihfami zumhnak theng ah hin a si lo i, chan thar khuaruah khawhnak theng zong in a si lo. Lungthin tuartehnak in Pathian he pehtlaihnak ngeih hi a biapi cemmi a si ko a ti. A donghnak ah a chim thanmi cu ‘Khrihfami zumhnak in si loin lungthin tuartehnak (feeling) in Pathian kan pehtlaihmi hi a hmaan taktakmi biaknak cu a si”[2] a ti.
Schleiermacher catial hi Khrihfami zumhnak tlaihtleng a lungtlin ti lonak zong a si i, chan thar tiluan a lungtlin ti lonak zong a si. Romantist nih lungthin tuartehnak (feeling) biapi ah an chuah pimi hi chan tiluan nih a herh bikmi a si ko rua tiah ‘feeling’ base in Khrihfa zumhnak ser aa thoknak a si.
Cawisan Chin Lengmang A Tong: ‘Biaknak Kong’ (On Religion) a tialmi nih chan thar biaknak muisam le sining a vun langhter cang. Chan thar hnu in duh a nung lo ngai cangmi Khrihfami biaknak cu duh nung ngaimi bantukin a vun langhter tikah thangthat a tong tuk hringhran. Mino te nih hi tluk in khuaruah khawh cu tiah a min cu hmun kip in a rak ring thluahmah. 1804 ah Halle university ah phungchimtu le professor rian an khanh i, a phungchin, a cachimh le a catialmi nih a minthanter chin lengmang rih. Napoleon nih Prussia a lak in University cu khar a si i, Berlin ah a ra than i, Trinity Church ah Pastor rian an pek than. Cu hnu cun Berlin ah a nun chung a um cang. Berlin University an dirh than i, Dean rian a tuanpiak hna. Caan zeimawzat a rauh in a hawinu he an i um i, nuam tein chungkhar he khua a sa.
Theipar Hna: Berlin a um hnu in zarh fatin Trinity Church ah phung a chim, din loin dirh tharmi Berlin University ah ca a chim i, ca a tial cang. A kum donglei ko ah hin a riantuannak a lian chin lengmang. Plato ethics, philosophy le hermeneutics (Bible hrilhfiahning cang kong) le Jesuh Khrih nunnak kong, The Christian Faith, etc tbk a leh hna i, a tial hna. Theologian le Scholar nih an chimmi cu John Calvin cauk ‘Institutes of the Christian Religion’ hnu in ‘The Christian Faith’ hi chan thar caah Khrihfa zumhnak a dotdot (systematic) in tialmi cauk lianngan cem a si an ti.
Asinain ‘The Christian Faith’ nih thil pathum a chuah: i) chan thar lungput nih a cohlan khawh lomi Pathian riantuannak le khuaruahhar thil sernak hi a hnatlaknak pinak cauk a si i, Pathian kong a chimmi a lo ngai nain minung kong tu a chim duh deuhmi a si ko rua tiah cheukhat nih cun an zumh. Tanglei ah fiang deuh in a lang te lai; ii) Hi cauk nih hin a hlun cangmi Khrihfami zumhnak in kan luatnak a langhter i, sciene fimnak he aa kalh lomi chan thar Khrihfami zumhnak ah a kan hruai tiah cheukhat nih cun an ruah ve; iii) Hi cauk hnu in cun Khrihfami zumhnak hi chan thar tiluan he zeitluk in dah rem tein kan sersiam khawh hna lai timi theology pawl tampi an chuak cang. Chan thar theology a hringtu a si. Chan thar theology hna cu minung khuaruahnak le science fimnak he aa kalh lomi Khrihfami zumhnak aa tlaihmi hna le minung khuaruahnak le science fimnak he aa kalhmi Bible cacang paoh a hlawmi an si.
A cawnpiaknak Theipar: ‘The Christian Faith’ cauk hnu in chan thar theology tampi an chuak. Asinain Schleiermacher zultu an si pak, si lo pak, an i theih pak, theih lo pak ah theology kip ah Schleiermacher maang a kai dih ngawt cang. Influence a tuah khawh tuk hna caah liberal theology hi kum zahnih leng theology humtu a si. Liberal theology pa bik tiah nihin tiang theih a si. A zumhmi theology in fek tein hram a thlak hnu ah February 12, 1834 ah a thi. Inn tang loin hlah maw ruakhumhnak ah an rat ti tluk in Berlin khuami vialte an rak chuak dih hna. “Hi bantukin ruakhumhnak a um bal lo. Lungthin tuartehnak (feeling) nih a temtawn dihmi hna bantukin khuami vialte cu tlaan ah an i pum dih cikcek. Chan thar ah a um rih lomi lungthin rualremnak a um hmasa bik a si” tiah Steffens nih cun a ti. Cuticun chan thar theology tiluan sertu pa Schleiermacher cu a thi.
Schleiermacher Philosophical Karhlaan
Chan thar lungput cu chan thar poet Alexander Pope nih tawi-fiang tein hitihin a chim: “Pathian theih kha tim hlah, nangmah le nangmah kha theih i zuam, minung kong kan theihnak ding cu minung ah hin a si” a ti. Schleiermacher zong nih minung lungthin tuartehnak (feeling) cungah theology ser aa tim. A zulhmi lam nih Pathian cawimawi tim loin minung le Pathian hi zeitin dah an i ton khawh lai timi hi aa zuammi a si. Kant nih cun minung khuaruahnak cungah theology dirh a timh i, Hegel nih cun tuanbia caan thluan chung i aa phuangmi ‘absolute spirit’ cungah theology dirh aa tim ve. Schleiermacher nih aa tinhmi cu hmun khat ah a luang ti kho lomi Khrihfami zumhnak le chan thar tiluan fonh hi a si. Keh-orh in an kal lio ah Schleiermacher nih cun ‘feeling’ ah theology dirh i, lam laicer ah kalter aa tim. Hihi chan thar nih a herh bikmi a si ko rua tiah a hmuh.
Schleiermacher hlan ah thil pahnih a um: i) Khrihfami zumhnak le biatak cu cunglei in pekmi a si i, zumhnak le nunnak nawlngeitu a si tiah ruah a si; ii) chan thar nih cun Bible loin minung khuaruahnak lawng in Pathian kong ruah kha a si.
Bible hi Pathian sin in kan hmuhmi a si tiah Khrihfami nih an ti tikah theology kha nawlngei bik ah chiah a si cang, cu tikah Pathian kong hi Khrihfabu nih a buaiter a ti. Zeiruang ah dah Schleiermacher nih hitihin a chim ti ahcun Bible hi nawlngei bik ah a chiah lo caah a si. Bible hi nawlngei bik ah a chiah lo tikah Pathian kong a cawnpiakmi zong Bible a zumh lo cang ahcun a buai tak ngaingai ko. Bible hi rak zum seh law, Khrihfabu nih Pathian kong a cawnpiakmi hi a buai in a ruat hnga lo. Mah ruangah chan thar nih Khrihfami zumhnak a ralchanhmi hi an mawh lo tiah Schleiermacher nih a tinak zong a si. Cu tikah Schleiermacher nih cun lam thar a ser i, biaknak ah hin nawlngeihnak (Bible) hi a herh lo, minung nih kan lungthin tuartehnak (feeling) in Pathian kan theihmi hi minung nih Pathian kong kan ruah khawhnak cu a si ko a ti. “Biaknak Kong” a tialmi ah a chimmi “minung khuaruahnak in Pathian a um ko tiah langhter khawh zong hi biaknak hmaan a si lo, Khrihfa phunglam zulh le Bible zumh zong biaknak hmaan a si lo, asinain kan lungthin tuartehnak in Pathian bochannak ngeih hi biaknak hmaan taktak timi cu a si”[3] a ti.
Schleiermacher nih cun ‘lungthin tuartehnak (feeling) hi biaknak hmaan taktak cu a si i, biaknak hmaan taktak cu lungthin tuartehnak hi a si a ti. Zeiruang ah dah aa tluk in a chiah? ‘Feeling’ timi hi German in cun ‘Gefuhl’ ti a si. Lai holh in ‘feeling’ hi tuartehnak tiah ka leh. Asinain lungthin nih a tuarteh lawng si loin lungthin hrimhrim in theihhngalhnak ngeih kha German sullam taktak cu a si. Tahchunnak ah, a cunglei ah ‘intuition’ biafang sullam kha ‘rul’ kong in fianternak ka tuah. Kha bantuk theihhngalhnak taktak ngeih khawh kha Schleiermacher nih a chim duhmi a si. A dang in kan chim than ahcun ruahnak nih ruahnak a pawi hlan in theihhngalhnak a rak ngei khomi ‘feeling/intuition’ kha a si. Cucaah Schleiermacher feeling base theology hi a thuh khunnak a si. Biaknak hmaan taktak a ti ngamnak zong a si.
Schleiermacher nih cun sualnak te hna hi Pathian phunglam buar ah a ruat lo. Sualnak timi hi minung nih Pathian hngatchan loin um aa timh ah hin a si a ti. Jesuh Khrih Pathian a sinak te hna, sualnak ngei loin a chuahnak te hna, sual ngaihthiamnak caah a thihnak te hna etc hi a zum lo. Zohchun awktlak in a nunmi hna hi Pathian theihnak a ngeihnak thawng in a si i, sualnak tiang a teinak a si a ti. Jesuh Khrih nih Pathian aa hngatchan dih i, teinak a hmuh bantukin Khrihfami zong Jesuh Khrih keneh hi kan zulh ve ding a si.
A Theology
Bible: Schleiermacher nih Bible hi cauk sawhsawh bantukin a ruah i, a theology cungah nawlngeitu (authoritative) bik ah a chia lo. Zeicatiah Khrihfabu nih a hramthok tein an hmuhtonmi an tialmi a si i, nawlngeihnak a ngei hlei lo. Jesuh Khrih konglam chan tiluan kip i, an phuan khawhnak ding ah chiahmi a si. Bible nih a nawl ngaihnak bik cu Jesuh Khrih nih Pathian theihhngalhnak a ngeihmi a langhter khawh poah ah khan a si a ti. Cucaah “kan zumhnak (theology) vialte hna hi kan hmuhtonnak le kan lungthin tuartehnak nih a tonmi in kan ser deuh awk a si”[4] a ti.
Pathian: Schleiermacher nih Pathian kong a cawnpiakmi hi a buai ngai. Pathian kong hi theih khawh a si lo caah lungthin tuartehnak in hngatchan lawnglawng hi kan tuah khawhmi a si a ti. Pathian ngeihmi thilri/ziaza le sining cang vialte (attributes) hna nih hin Pathian sining an langhter ko kan ti ahcun kan palh lai. Aruang cu Pathian ngeihmi thilril/ziaza/sining (attributes) nih Pathian sining an fiantermi hna hi a hmaan taktak ko kan ti ahcun Pathian hi kan fatter i, kan cheu-bauh dih lai. Pathian nih vawleicung hi aa hngatchanmi hna kan lawhter sual lai a ti. A chimmi cu ‘Pathian thilril/ziaza/sining a si tiah Pathian kan pekmi thilri/ziaza/sining (attributes) hna hi Pathian thilri an si tiah kan ruah ding a si lo, lungthin tuartehnak in Pathian kan i hngatchannak a biapitnak langhtertu a si” tiah kan ruah deuh ding a si a ti. A dang in kan chim ahcun Pathian kong chim cu minung nih Pathian a hmuhtonnak kong chim khi a si. Schleiermacher nih Pathian a hmuhning hi theih awk tha loin minung he a hlatter. Minung nih zeihmanh tuah kho loin lungthin tuartehnak in hngatchan lawng kha a tuah khawhmi a si. Pathian a hmuhning hi Bible he aa kalhmi a tam lengluang ve. Pathian khuaruahhar thil tuahnak te hna a zum lo. Good and evil zong hi Pathian sin in a rami an si ti te hna a zumh, asinain Bible nih cun good le evil hi Pathian sin in a rami an si tiah a kan cawnpiak lo.
Jesuh Khrih: Pathian nih taksa lak in Jesuh Khrih in vawlei ah a ratnak zong a pom lo. Jesuh Khrih nih (Pathian – Minung) sinnak pahnih a ngeihmi zong lutaw tlai a si lo tiah a zumh lo. Sinak pahnih cu pakhat ah um khawh phung a si lo a ti. Jesuh Khrih hi minung dang sawhsawh bantuk a si ko, asinain Pathian theihhngalhnak (feeling-intuition) a ngeih ruangah hawidang vialte naak in nun sang deuh i a phaknak a si. Pathian theihhngalhnak a ngeihmi zong hi amah tein aa sermi si loin a nunnak ah Pathian a cawlcangh caah a si a ti. Asinain Pathian-Minung si loin minung nih Pathian theihhngalhnak a ngeihmi a si. Khamhtu Jesuh Khrih kan timi hi zapi bantukin minung sinak a ngei ko, asinain Pathian theihhngalhnak a ngeih pengmi nih hin zapi he a kan danter i cucu Pathian nih a um hnawh caah a si a ti. Pathian tiah Khrihfami nih an ruahnak zong hi Pathian theihhngalhnak a ngeimi ruangah a si. “Khamhtu a sinak cu Pathian theihhngalhnak a ngeihmi in zumtu a aiawhnak hna ah hin a si. Cucu khamhnak a sersiamning cu a si”[5] tiah a ti.
Donghnak
Ruahnak aa kalh taktakmi chan i, theology nih harnak a ton cuahmah lio ah Schleiermacher cu a rak chuak i, chan thar duh zawng tein ‘feeling-based-theology a chuah pi. Khrihfami orthodox zumhnak ah chan thar minung nih lung diriamnak an hmu ti lo; chan thar minung khuaruah khawhnak zong nih lungthin a pe kho ti hna lo. Lungthin (heartless) ngei lomi minung khuaruah khawhnak le science fimnak menmen in minung nih lung diriamnak an hmu ti lo. Hi bantuk dirhmun nih a herhmi theology a chuah pi khawh caah mi lungthin a ton thiam tuk. Schleiermacher hnu ah theology kan zoh ahcun Schleiermacher maang a kai lomi theology an har. Kum zahnih chung ‘liberal’ theology nih Khrihfami zumhnak le theology cu a hum. Liberal nih an hram zoh than an duh ahcun Schleiermacher ah hin an hmuh lai.
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References:
[1]Stanley J. Grenz & Roger E. Olson, 2th Century Theology: God & the World in a Transitional Age, P. 40.
[2]Bid., P. 41.
[3] Frieddrich Schleiermacher, On Religion: Address in Response to its Cultured Critics, p. 12.
[4] Schleiermacher, The Christian Faith, p. 265.
[5]Bid., p. 425.