Oct 19, 2014

Theology Le Philosophy: Ruahnak Hliphlauternak Part - IX


Karl Barth

Kum zabu hleiruk ah Khrihfabu cu ‘Bible lawnglawng’ ti le “zumhnak thawng lawnglawng’ timi ah kir pi than a si. Theology le philosophy an vun denter. Asinain kum zabu hlei sarih dongh leiin cun science fimnak le minung khuaruahnak i, a thil ti khawhnak hna cu duhsah tein a thang chin lengmang i, minung cu zeizong vialte laicer ah chiah a si i, kum zabu hleiriat in hleikua cun Khrihfabu nih a celh ti hna lo. Schleiermacher nih ‘lungthin tuartehnak’ (feeling) in Pathian kan i bochannak hi biaknak hmaan taktak timi cu a si ko a timi nih fak tuk in chan tiluan a thlen i, Khrihfabu influence a tuah rih.

Asinain World War I nih chan thar ruahchannak fak tuk in a hrawh than. Ral nih minung nunnak million 16 leng a lak tikah minung hi ahodah kan si i, zeidah kan si timi an lungfim. Science fimnak le minung khuaruah khawhnak lawng nih thanchonnak ah a kan hruai taktak lai maw tiah biahalnak a tam chin lengmang. Liberal nih phungchim ding an ngei ti lo. Ral pi hlan ahcun minung thatnak le a thil ti khawhnak kha fak piin an au pi. Asinain ral pi nih a den hna tikah cun minung lungthin a kuai dih i, a rawk dih cikcek hna. Pathian bia thiamthiam ah kir than lo cun lam dang in hnemhnak a um ti lo. Pathian bia lawnglawng ah kan kir than a hau ko timi an i fiang than. Cu chungah theologian minthang cem a si tiah ruahmi cu kum zabu kul nih a hrinmi Karl Barth hi a si.

Konglam

Karl Barth hi German theologian a si i, Berne, Berlin, Tubingen le Marburg ti bantuk ah sianginn a kai. A pa zong lecturer pakhat a si. 1901 in 1911 tiang Geneva ah Pathian rian a tuan. Gottingen University ah Reformed Theology Chair a tuan. German National Socialist a thawn tuk lio he aa tong i, a rak zam. Basel University ah a thih tiang theology a chim hna.
Karl Barth theology le ruahnak hi Khrihfami tuanbia ah hrial awk tha loin aa tuahmi a si. A catialmi hna cu ‘commentary on Roman, The Word of God and theology, Theology and the Church, Christian Dogmatic in Outline, Anselm, Church Dogmatic etc hna an si.  

Liberal A Kal Tak

Liberal cawnnak tangin a thangmi a si bantukin liberal nih fak piin influence a tuahmi pa a si. Asinain minung thil ti khawhnak cungah ruahchannak an ngeihmi cu World War I nih hnabeidong in a chiah hna tikah Liberal cawnpiaknak kaltak in Bible ah a kir than. Ral nih a den hna i, lungretheihnak le lungfahnak in a khatmi minung hna cu minung thatnak kong an cawnpiak kho ti hna lo. Cuticun Bible cu biatak tein zoh hram a thok. ‘Bible Chungah Khuaruahhar Vawlei Thar (The strange new world within the Bible) timi capar a tial. Bible biatak tein a rel hnu in Bible hi minung ruahnak menmen in tialmi a si lo. Pathian nih minung a kan zawnruahnak kong a si. Minung khuaruahnak le biaknak (religion) ah Pathian a um lo; Bible lawnglawng ah hin Pathian hmuh khawh a si a ti. Cuticun Khrihfami hna sinah thawngtha bia thar phuan hram aa thok.

A rauh hlan ah Rom cakuat hrilhfiahnak a tuahmi a chuah colh. Fak tuk in liberal a doh hna i, a soisel cang hna. Karl Barth commentary chuah cu liberal theologian lakah bom thlak bantuk a si an ti. A minthang tuk i, fak piin influence a tuah colh hna. Barth nih liberal pawl cu, ‘Pathian kong a kan cawnpiaktu Bible hi nan thlen riangmang i, biaknak kong cawnpiaktu menmen ah nan chiah. Pathian bia a si tiah cohlan duh loin minung kut chuak le minung kong a kan cawnpiaktu a si nan ti’ tiah fak piin al hram a thok hna. Karl Barth nih Pathian theology le minung theology danternak kahin a tuah. Chan thar minung nih cun Bible cohlan an duh lo i, an khuaruah khawhnak in Pathian kong cawn le theih an timh. Asinain Karl Barth nih cun Bible lawng in Pathian kan theih khawh lai. Minung khuaruah khawhnak le hmuhtonak te hna hi Bible tangah an um awk a si tiah a ti. A sullam cu Bible loin Pathian kong theih khawh a si lo. Bible le Pathian kongah hmuhnak thar an ngeihmi nih ‘movement’ pakhat a chuah pi. Cucu ‘Neo-Orthodox’ ti a si.

Neo-Orthodox Theology

 ‘Neo-Orthodox’ sullam cu ‘zumhnak thar or New Orthodox’ ti a si. Hlan i, Khrihfami zumhnak thing ah kan kir than an ti duh khi a si. Liberal naak in Bible an zumhning a fek deuh, asinain liberal zumhnak zeimawzat an thlau khawh lomi an um thiamthiam. ‘Dialectical theology’ ti zong in auh a si i, a sullam cu vancung ah a ummi Pathian le vawlei ah a ummi minung karlak pehtlaihning konglam a si. Liberal nih cun Pathian cu a sermi thil hna sinah a um i, vawlei tuanbia tiluan le vawlei zatlaang nun ah biatak tein rian a tuan i, thanchonnak leiah vawlei caan thluan hi a luanter ko an ti i, minung hi biapi tuk ah an i chia. Pathian naak hmanh in minung hi biapi deuh ah an i chia. Asinain Neo-Orthodox nih cun Pathian cu van sang pi ah a um i, lam hla piin minung he pehtlaihnak a ngeimi a si an ti. Pathian a um le um lo hi minung khuaruahnak in theih khawh a si lo i, minung nih Pathian a um ko tiah kan zumh i, Pathian sinah toidornak ngeih le i, ap lawnglawng hi kan herhmi le kan tuah ding a si. Cucu Bible nih aa tinhmi le philosophy muru takak cu a si tiah Karl Barth nih cun a ti.

Chan thar zatlang nun ralchanh in a siah minung khuaruahnak ralchanh in a siah, cun Kant te hna le Hegel te hna ruahnak ralchanh in Bible cawisannak le zoh thannak capar le cauk tampi a tial hna. “Gospel caah a tihnung bikmi cu kan cohlan duh lomi hi a si lo, asinain zatlzang nun (culture) le le minung khuaruahnak (reason) tangah kan chiahmi hi a si”[1] tiah Barth nih cun a ti. Rom hrilhfiahnak cauk a chuahmi ahcun minung cu mah tein aa thianhlimtermi le mah le mah aa bochanmi kan si tiah tangah a thlak i, Pathian tu kha sang pi ah a cawisan. Liberal men-center theology ralchanh in God-center theology a vun chuah pi than. Minung khuaruahnak le zatlaang nun cungah Bible a chiah i, God-center theology a chuah pi than rih. Asinain Liberal nih Barth theology cu an doh colh ve. World War I dennmi minung dirhmun nih a herh tukmi theology a chuah pimi cu a hmual a thawng tuk i, influence biatak tein tuah hram a thok colh.

Biaknak (Religion)

Karl Barth nih minung center theology le minung khuaruahnak a hlawt hna pin ah biaknak le natural theology (kokek thil le minung khuaruah khawhnak in Pathian kong theih khawh a si tiah cawnpiaknak) zong a hlawt rih. Barth nih biaknak cu hitihin a chim, “Biaknak (religion) an sermi hi zumhnak an ngeih lo lawng si loin Pathian an ralchanh a langhnak zong a si. Pathian thei lo lawng nih biaknak hi an ruah khawhmi a si”[2] a ti. Biaknak hi Bible mit in kan zoh tikah minung nih Pathian kong a ruahnak a si. A dang in kan chim ahcun minung nih a thil ti khawhnak le a khuaruah khawhnak in Pathian sinah phak aa timhnak a si. Minung cu kan lungthin chung kip ah Pathian hngalhnak (a sense of deity) a um dih i, Pathian hngalhnak a ummi cu minung nih an suaisam tikah siasal, milem, lung etc ti bantukin biaknak a chuahter. Cucaah Karl Barth nih cun minung nih amah tein Pathian phanh aa timhnak a si a ti i, cohlan a duh lo.

Pathian nih Bible a kan pekmi hi minung biaknak hrawh a duh caah a si. Minung nih biaknak an ser tikah amah tein thiamcoter aa zuamnak le khamh aa zuamnak a si. Cucaah hi bantuk biaknak hi siasal biak he aa khat tiah Barth nih cun a ti. Jesuh Khrih lawng ah hin minung nih Pathian he remnak an hmu lai. Jesuh Khrih nih Pathian nawlngai tein thih tiang toi aa dornak nih minung cu Pathian he a kan remter. Asinain Jesuh Khrih ah zumhnak a ngei lomi caah khamhnak zong a um lo. Jesuh Khrih dah ti lo ahcun minung nih an ser chawmmi biaknak cu hleng hmangmi an si a ti. Zeiruang ah dah Barth nih Pathian le minung karlak ah kahcham kau tuk in a umter ti ahcun Pathian cu minung theihhngalhnak lengah a ummi a si i, minung nih theih awk a tha lo i, minung cu ri a ngeimi kan si a ti. Pathian le minung karlak ah hmurka nih chim awk tha lo tiang in dannak a um. Cucaah natural theology in a siah biaknak in a siah Pathian theih awk a tha lo a ti.

Pahian Bia Le Bible 

Barth nih cun Pathian hi lam dang in theih khawh a si lo timi hi a zumh. Zungzal Pathian kha Jesuh Khrih in vawleicung ah a rat tik lawng ah minung nih kan theih khawh a ti. Jesuh Khrih le Pathian bia hi aa khat in a hmuh. Barth nih Pathian bia hi then thum in a then: 1) Jesuh Khrih zultu hna le prophet hna sinah Pathian nih a chimmi bia hna kha ‘phuanmi bia’ an si; 2) Minung nih an tialmi Bible hi Pathian bia he aa khat in kan ruah awk a si lo; 3) Minung pakhat nih Thawng Yha chim a theih thawngin Pathian he an i ton ahcun, kha Thawng Yha kha Pathian bia cu a si. Minung pakhat nih Bible a relmi thawngin Pathian he an i ton ahcun a relmi Bible kha Pathian bia cu a si a ti. A sullam cu kha nu/pa sinah Jesuh Khrih aa phuannak a si ti. Zeitluk hmanh in Thawng Yha kan theih i, Bible kan rel zongah Pathian he kan i ton hlan paoh cu Bible kha Pathian bia  a si lo. Bible le Pathian bia hi aa tluk in a chia lo.

A chimmi cu “Bible ah aa tialmi hna hi cu minung nih Pathian bia kha anmah bia, ruahnak le anmah dirhmun hoih in an tial thanmi a si”[3] a ti. Asinain Bible hi Pathian bia a si tiah a pom lo nain a chim thanmi cu ‘Bible ah kan zumhnak kan chiah i, kan zumh a herh. Cu ti i kan tuah ahcun a nungmi Pathian biatak a si kha kan langhter lai a ti. Bible hi Pathian bia ah a chia lo nain biapi tuk ah a ruah thiamthiam ve zeicatiah biapi tuk a ruah than kan ti ahcun Bible phuannak le chimnak a um lo ahcun minung nih Pathian ton khawh a si lo. Bible hi Jesuh Khrih a witness tu a si, a sullam cu Jesuh Khrih kong chimtu a si tiah a zumh.

Cun Khrihfabu zong nih Bible cawnpiaknak nawl kan ngaih awk a si. Bible cungah a ummi cu Jesuh Khrih lawng hi a si i, Jesuh Khrih nawl kan ngaih khawhnak ding ah cun Bible cawnpiaknak hi Khrihfabu nih kan zulh awk a si. Bible cawnpiaknak zulh lo cu Jesuh Khrih cawnpiaknak zulh lo he aa khat a ti.  

Jesuh Khrih

Barth nih cun Jesuh Khrih hi biapi bik ah a chiah. Barth theology muru cu Jesuh Khrih hi a si. Jesuh Khrih ah hin Pathian nih a hleikhun in minung sinah aa phuannak a si. Jesuh Khrih hi Pathian bia a si i, bia cu Jesuh Khrih in aa langh. Jesuh Khrih in aa langhmi bia cu Pathian kha a si. Cucaah Jesuh Khrih cu Pathian aa phuannak a si. Jesus Khrih um hlah seh law, Pathian bia phuan hi a um lo lai a ti.

 Karl Barth nih Jesuh Khrih kong a chim ah hin hlan minung hna bantukin Jesuh Khrih hi cawnpiaktu saya sawhsawh (moral teacher) bantuk ah a ruat lo. Vancung minung sawhsawh bantuk zong in a ruat lo. Jesuh Khrih hi Pathian kek te a si i, vawlei taksa lak in Jesuh Khrih tu in aa langhmi a si a ti. Pathian-Minung (God-Man) a sinak tling tein a zumh. Asinain Jesuh Khrih taksa in aa langhnak kong a chim tikah mi (person) in a chim lo. ‘Mode - Zia’ biafang hi a hman, a sullam cu Jesuh Khrih nih taksa in aa langhnak hi Pathian nih Jesuh Khrih in a voihnihnak aa langhnak a si a ti. Jesuh Khrih cu God’s person a si ti naak in God’s mode a si ti kha a tha deuh in a ruah. Mirang in kan chim ahcun ‘the second mode of being/ God’ ti a si.

Zeiruang ah dah ‘mode’ biafang a hman ti ahcun ‘person’ timi naak in ‘mode’ timi nih hin Jesuh Khrih sining a fianter deuh tiah a ti. Jesuh Khrih hi ‘person’ sinak a ngei kan ti ahcun ‘double’ in Pathian sinak a ngeimi pahnih an um tinak a si hnga. Pathian cu ‘person’ sinak pakhat lawng a ngeimi a si tikah Jesuh Khrih hi ‘person’ kan ti ve ahcun ‘Pathian zong nih ‘person’ a ngei ve lai i, Jesuh Khrih zong nih ‘person’ a ngei ve lai, cu tikah Pathian nih ‘personalities pahnih a ngei tinak a si hnga tiah Barth nih cun a ruah. Cu ruangah ‘double person’ a um sual lonak ding ah ‘mode’ tu hi Pathian nih Jesuh Khrih ah aa langhning a si a ti.

Barth nih a ruahning ahcun Pa, Fapa le Thiang Thlarau cu zungzal in Pathian pakhat chungah rualremm tein a ummi an si tikah sinak dangdang ngeihter ahcun Thumkomh Pathian chung rualremnak hi aa kalh in chuah pi a fawi sual lai tiah aa ralrinnak a si. Cucaah a chimmi cu “Pathian cu Jesuh Khrih a si i, Jesuh Khrih cu Pathian a si,’ a sullam cu Jesuh Khrih cu Pathian sinak aa nolh thanmi a si”[4] a ti.

Khaukhihnak

Minung tuanbia tiluan chungah thil biapi bikmi cu minung mi hna sinah Jesuh Khrih in Pathian a rat i, vailam cungah a thihnak hi a si. Hi vailam cungah Pathian fapa nih minung cungah a tlung dingmi Pa Pathian thinhunnak cu a kan inpiak. Barth nih cun Jesuh Khrih hi thimtu Pathian zong a si i, thimmi minung zong a si a ti, a sullam cu Pathian dirhmun in a kan thimtu zong a si i, minung dirhmun in thimmi zong a si. Jesuh Khrih ah miphun vialte rak khaukhih dih kan si or thim dih kan si. Vailamcung a thihnak ah hin miphun vialte ngaihthiam dih kan si. Miphun vialte a kan aiawhtu a si ti hi a zumhmi cu a si. ‘Universalist’ ti zong in an auh. A chim thanmi cu Jesuh Khrih hi Pathian thimmi zong a si i, Pathian chiatsertmi zong a si. Cucaah ahohmanh sualmawhphurhter kan si lai lo, a ruang cu Jesuh Khrih cu thimtu Pathian zong a si i, thimmi minung zong a si. Minung aiawh ah chiatserhnak a ingmi zong a si. Cucaah khamhnak a sermi cu miphun vialte hna caah a si. Pathian nih vailamcung ah Jesuh Khrih a hlawt ah khan amah le amah aa hlawt. Cucaah Pathian nih minung a kan khamhnak ah hin man tam tuk a sung a ti.

Barth nih cun Jesuh Khrih lawng hi hlawtmi a si i, miphun vialte cu thim dih kan si. “Minung pakhat khat nih Pathian zong zeirel loin a um ko lai. A duh paoh in a nung i, a duhmi paoh a tuah ko lai, asinain Pathian nih an sualnak le an tuahsernak vialte hna cu van le vawlei ser hlan hrimhrim khan a rak ngaihthiam cang hna. Minung caah a tangmi cu Pathian he zungzal in um ti ding lawng hi a si”[5] a ti.

Zeiruang ah dah Barth Universal Salvation hi a cawnpiak ti ahcun Pathian a hmuhning hi a si. Pathian a hmuhning hi then hnih ah a then: 1) Pathian cu dawtnak tling a ngeimi a si – Pathian nih Jesuh Khrih ah minung he hawikawmhnak ngeih ding in thimmi kan si. Misual mi hna cungah Pathian nih dawtnak a ngeihnak hi vailamcung ah a kan hmuhsak a ti; 2) Pathian cu zalonnak tling a ngeimi a si – Pathian nih vawlei hi a dawtnak i, cu a dawtnak cu zungzal a si. A herh ruangah a dawtmi a si lo. Vawlei hmanh hi dawt ding in i thim hlah seh law Pathian cu dawtnak thiamthiam a si ko lai. Sermi vialte hna hmanh hi um lo u sih law Pathian cu aa dang hlei lai lo. Amah ningcang lengmang a si ko lai. Asinain “Pathian nih Jesuh Khrih a ratnak, a thihnak le a thawhthannak thawngin sermi hna he hawikawmhnak a sermi hi vawlei a ser hnawhchan cu a si ko”[6] tiah Barth nih a ti.  

Donghnak

Barth nunnak le theology zoh tikah thazaang tampi lak ding a um. Amah hlan minung nih tampi influence an tuahmi a si. Asinain raltha tein a cawnpiaknak le a zumhnak hlawt le kal tak in Bible zoh than ding in a kir than khomi a si. Chan thar minung nih minung thatnak biapi ngai in an au pi lio ah Pathian biatak tein a au pi than i, a hlei in Jesuh Khrih ah Khrihmi zumhnak a tlinnak a kan hmuhsak. Bible a hmuhning belte ah hin lung a tling deuh lo. Liberal cawnpiaknak kaltak in Bible ah a kir thanmi a si nain aa kir than hnawh taktakmi a phan kho lo kan ti ahcun kan palh men lai lo. Bible nih palhnak a ngeih lonak te hna, Pathian thawhchuah hnawhmi a sinak te hna etc a zum lo. Bible cu Pathian bia a si lo a timi ah hin a fiang ko. Bible cu Jesuh Khrih a witness tu a si ti hi a dir pimi cu a si. Asinain kum zabu kul nih a hrinmi lak ah theologian minthang cem a si.
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References: 

[1] Stanley J. Grenz & Roger E. Olson, 20th Century Theology: God & the World in a Transitional Age, p 68.
[2] David L. Mueller, Karl Barth: His life and thought (Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1976), p. 91- 92.
[3] Karl Barth, Church Dogmatic, 113.
[4] Stanley J. Grenz & Roger E. Olson, 20th Century Theology: God & the World in a Transitional Age, p. 73.
[5] Bid, p. 74.
[6] Karl barth, Church Dogmatics IV/1, 50.